In order to speed up the green transformation of agriculture and promote the rural ecological revitalization, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs recently issued the Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Construction of Ecological Farms, which made it clear that by 2025, 1,000 national-level ecological farms will be built in China, 10,000 local ecological farms will be built in various provinces, a number of modern and efficient ecological agricultural market players will be selected and cultivated, a number of technical models for ecological agriculture construction will be summarized and popularized, and a set of supporting policies for the development of ecological agriculture will be explored, so as to continuously increase the supply of green and high-quality agricultural products and continuously improve agricultural quality.
The Opinions put forward four key tasks to promote the construction of ecological farms.
The first is to cultivate a number of eco-agricultural market players. Organize leading enterprises, cooperatives, family farms and other voluntary declarations, conduct comprehensive evaluation through expert evaluation and on-site evaluation, and select a number of eco-agricultural market players. Guide the selected subjects to give full play to their own advantages, popularize and apply standardized eco-agricultural technologies throughout the process, improve the environmental quality of the producing areas, implement green and low-carbon recycling production, and build a green ecological brand.
The second is to promote a number of eco-agricultural technology models. Encourage ecological farms as the main body, popularize and apply the conservation technologies of cultivated land quality protection and improvement, pollution remediation, chemical fertilizer and pesticide reduction, organic fertilizer substitution, biological control and other technologies, the construction technologies of pastoral ecosystems such as ecological ridges, ecological ditches and ecological corridors, the resource utilization technologies of agricultural wastes such as crop straws, livestock manure and waste plastic films, and the green collection and storage technologies such as clean processing, energy-saving storage and low-carbon transportation of agricultural products, and improve the technical specifications of ecological farms.
The third is to explore a set of eco-agricultural support policies. Focusing on eco-farms, this paper explores soil fertility compensation policies focusing on straw returning, organic fertilizer application and subsoiling, environmental compensation policies focusing on chemical pesticides reduction and efficiency increase, livestock manure emission reduction and pollution reduction, and agricultural film recycling, low-carbon compensation policies focusing on methane emission reduction in rice fields, nitrous oxide in agricultural land and methane in animal intestines, and supporting policies such as technology priority promotion, expert priority service and financial priority support.
The fourth is to build a set of ecological agriculture monitoring system. Supervise the eco-farm to establish ledgers, check the ledgers of chemical fertilizer and pesticide reduction, comprehensive utilization of straw, and resource utilization of livestock manure, sample and test the water environment, soil environment and agricultural product quality of the eco-farm, comprehensively analyze the input-output benefits, sustainable development capacity and corporate social responsibility performance of the eco-farm, strengthen the follow-up evaluation of the eco-farm, feed back the evaluation information in time, and establish an incentive and restraint mechanism.
(CCTV reporter Wang Kaibo Qiao Yizhen)