The function of automobile cooling system is to dissipate the heat in time to make the engine work at the most suitable temperature. The ideal automobile cooling system should not only meet the needs of engine cooling, but also reduce heat loss and energy consumption, so that the engine can have better energy-saving effect on the basis of ensuring good power performance.
First, the working principle of the cooling system
The cooling system plays a very important role in the automobile. The engine cooling system generally adopts water cooling. The typical cooling system consists of radiator, radiator hose, thermostat, water pump, cooling fan and fan belt.
It relies on the cooling water pump, flows through the oil cooler and crankcase cooling water jacket, enters the cylinder head, and takes away the excess heat of the engine.
Great cycle:When the engine works under normal thermal state, that is, the water temperature is higher than 80℃, the cooling water should all flow through the radiator to form a large cycle. The main valve of the thermostat is fully opened, while the control valve completely closes the bypass hole.
Small cycle:When the cooling water temperature is lower than 70℃, the steam pressure in the expansion tank is very small, and the cooling water does not flow through the radiator, but only circulates between the water jacket and the water pump.
Second, the role of coolant
Coolant plays a very important role in the normal operation of the engine. Too high or too low coolant temperature will have an adverse impact on the engine. If the engine coolant temperature is too high and the viscosity of lubricating oil decreases, the friction loss of engine parts will increase.
If the engine coolant temperature is too low, the viscosity of lubricating oil will increase and the fluidity will deteriorate, which is also not conducive to lubrication, thus reducing the power output of the engine and affecting the mechanical efficiency of the engine.
Coolant is the heat transfer medium in the cooling system, which has the functions of cooling, anti-corrosion, anti-scaling and anti-freezing. It is composed of water, antifreeze and various additives.
1. Water is an important part of cooling liquid, which has large specific heat capacity and fast heat conduction, and the heat absorbed by water is easy to dissipate.
2. Antifreeze is used to reduce the freezing point of coolant. Because of the high freezing point of water, it is easy to freeze when used in cold and low temperature weather. Adding a certain amount of antifreeze can reduce its freezing point and meet the harsh working conditions.
3. Other additives
Additives generally do not exceed 5%, mainly corrosion inhibitors, buffers, scale inhibitors, defoamers and colorants.
(1) Corrosion inhibitor:It can effectively prevent the corrosion of metal substances in the cooling system, because the cooling pipeline is mainly composed of metal parts, and it is easy to corrode under the conditions of high pressure, thermal load and corrosive medium, which will damage the cooling system.
(2) Scale inhibitor:It can effectively remove the scale and improve the heat dissipation capacity. During the use of cooling liquid, scale often forms on the inner surface of the cooling system, and the thermal conductivity of scale is lower than that of metal, which seriously affects the normal heat dissipation.
(3) Defoamer:It can effectively prevent foaming. When the coolant is forced to circulate under the high speed of the water pump, it usually produces foam. A large amount of foam not only affects the heat transfer efficiency, but also aggravates the cavitation corrosion of the water pump.
(4) Colorant:In the process of using coolant, it is generally required to add certain coloring agent to make the coolant have eye-catching color. In this way, when the cooling system fails, the location of leakage can be easily judged by observing the external pipeline of the cooling system.
Third, the classification of coolant
Engine coolant is divided into ethylene glycol coolant and propylene glycol coolant according to antifreeze:
1. The specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, viscosity and boiling point of ethylene glycol are all important parameters that affect the heat transfer performance of ethylene glycol aqueous solution. The specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity of ethylene glycol aqueous solution decrease with the increase of concentration, while the viscosity increases with the increase of concentration.
2. The performance of propylene glycol in reducing freezing point is basically the same as that of ethylene glycol, and it is less toxic and more expensive than ethylene glycol.
Fourth, the maintenance of the cooling system
1. Selection of coolant
(1) In order to prevent the cooling system from freezing, appropriate antifreeze can be selected. Generally, the freezing point of antifreeze should be 5℃ lower than the lowest temperature in the use area.
(2) Different types of antifreeze cannot be mixed.
2. Replacement cycle and dosage
(1) Replacement cycle:Generally, the coolant needs to be replaced once every 2-3 years, specifically according to the instruction manual.
(2) Addition dosage:The antifreeze should be added between the marks F(MAX) and L(MIN) of the expansion tank in the engine cooling state.
3. Daily maintenance:
(1) Pay more attention to daily observation. Once the coolant is insufficient, the surface of the water pipe shows signs of whitening or there is white emulsion in it, the coolant leaks.
(2) Check the connection position and state of all cooling system hoses and heater hoses, and replace them in time if they swell or deteriorate.
Summary: The cooling system plays a very important role in the car. In daily use, Ying Qin should take care of it to prevent problems before they happen and keep the car in a good state. Always check whether the engine coolant is sufficient, and add or replace the appropriate coolant in time when necessary.