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If the doorway steps are higher than level 4, the passenger flow will be reduced by 30%？ What other catering dark logic do you know？

Original Wang Yingli Kuaiwan Thinking

Tips: This article is about 3,879 words, and it takes 9 minutes to burn the brain. Wang Yingli, a journalist who thinks about chopsticks, sent it in Beijing.

From the semantic point of view, dark logic corresponds to bright logic, that is, something that can be seen at a glance, but it is difficult to understand if no one says it. For example, a deer is called a deer, which is bright logic, while a deer is a horse. At a certain moment, it is called a "horse" instead of a "deer", which is dark logic.

Take the steps at the entrance of a restaurant as an example, if there are several more steps, the obvious logic is called "step by step promotion", but if the store doesn’t know how to trigger the momentum of step by step promotion, it will fall into a dark logic dilemma. Professional investor Xiong Bin said, "If the steps at the entrance are higher than 4, the traffic will be reduced by 30%", and there are radicals, such as "Le Jie", who thinks that "there is one more step at the entrance of the store, and the passenger flow will be reduced by 10%.

What are the dark logics of the catering industry?

In a sense, the dark logic of catering affects the development of stores. In the development of physical stores, the first thing to do is to talk about traffic.

1) The higher the steps at the door, the worse the business.

A few years ago, the top floor coffee opened in the community and office area was popular for a while. We once visited a top floor coffee brand, which was opened between the community and the office building. When customers arrive at the store, they need to walk up more than ten or twenty steps, then walk into the community on the second floor, then take the elevator, and then go upstairs to the store. This kind of store has a lot of punching information, but the actual passenger flow is very small. It is difficult to go to the second time almost once, perhaps because the road is too detour.

There are also some shops on the first floor that have been raised, with seven or eight steps or a small slope. The shops are high above the customers’ heads and look very imposing, but their practicality is poor. It is easy to fall and sprain their ankles, and customers are tired when they walk up. In addition, it is not convenient for suppliers to deliver goods. Therefore, there is a saying in geomantic omen that "a high platform and steep slopes are beyond the ordinary people’s control". If you do well, you will be lucky; if you don’t do well, you will be terrible. It’s so extreme.

For shopping malls, why are all cheap and affordable underground, but the upstairs is a big restaurant? The detour logic is also applicable, because the upstairs is difficult to walk, so we can’t rely too much on the flow of people, which will inevitably lead to the difficulty of getting along with low-profit catering brands in high-rise buildings, while the underground goes downhill first, with less psychological pressure on customers and more people, but the better position is on the first floor.

The more convenient it is for customers, the better the traffic. By the same token, adding a door when the door is open will reduce the number of customers by half.

2), Jinjiao silver grass belly, the god of wealth is not in the middle.

Jinjiao’s silver-edged grass belly and corner shops are better and more expensive. This should be regarded as a clear logic, because everyone is talking about it. The scenery in the middle is good, but it is surrounded by the front and back, which is really not conducive to the new store to attract passengers.

3) The width of the street is directly proportional to the number of passengers.

The street refers to the road in front of the shops. The wider the road, the more leisurely the pedestrians are, the narrower the road is, the faster the pace of pedestrians will be, and the pace will affect the subconscious mind, which will lead to lower consumer demand. This is the general knowledge of consumer psychology. In addition, under the viaduct, straight into the street, pedestrians in a hurry, these are all fierce in Feng Shui.

4) Fit is very important, retail to retail and catering to catering.

A street is surrounded by hardware stores and grocery stores, and suddenly there is a noodle restaurant in the middle. The business of this store is generally not very good; There are fruit stalls, vegetable stalls and vegetable markets next door. Although there are a lot of people, it is not suitable for opening restaurants, because they are just people, not passengers. Fresh food places are gathering places for cooking people. They have low demand for going out to eat, and there are a lot of people, and the rent is expensive. If people can’t be converted into passengers, it doesn’t make much sense to have more people.

But if you open a pancake shop, a steamed bun shop, a pot-stewed restaurant and a snack bar near the vegetable market and fresh food shop, it is ok, because retail is retail, buying food belongs to retail, and the steamed bun shop strictly belongs to retail. It is a side event for people who go home to cook to buy steamed buns as a staple food and buy fried chicken legs for their children. Consumption is to cater to human nature and people’s hearts, and it is easier to do side events.

The same is true for catering.

5), it’s not that old brands don’t go to new business districts, and it’s not that veterans don’t touch many transfer stores.

"New" means change. Old brands bring their own traffic, so they can go to new business districts. After all, there are many preferential policies, but most new brands don’t have the strength to keep stores, so they can’t go to new business districts.

For stores that are transferred many times in a short period of time or within a year, even if the location is good, it is best not to touch them. Conversely, there are very few stores transferred in the business circle, which also means that this business circle is very valuable.

6) Carefully open stores under big trees and places with isolation belts.

It is good for passers-by to enjoy the cool under the big trees. The big trees will block the facade signs, and deciduous soil will breed mosquitoes. At the same time, the existence of big trees will narrow the streets, which is unfavorable in general. If the isolation belt is added, customers will have to detour to get there. This is the same as adding steps and adding a door. In fact, it is an anti-consumer behavior.

Don’t worry if you don’t understand dark logic. Strength can solve most problems.

Once again, the clear logic is that wine is not afraid of the depth of the alley, while the dark logic is that "once the alley is deep, the wine will not smell."

1), light and dark logic are two sides, and it is fundamental to find the bottom of dark logic and bright logic.

From the point of view of "wine and alley", we can see that the logic of light and the logic of dark are two sides of one body, which is right in any way. For example, it is an "axiom" for Jinjiao’s Yinbian grass belly, but some people can casually cite the case that it is located in Jinjiao, and for example, there are one more step and the passenger flow is 10% less. Then why do so many people rent stores with steps and stairs? Why are so many stores with seven or eight steps so hot?

It’s like saying that you can’t drink raw water and you will have diarrhea. At this time, someone will jump out and say, I’ve seen someone who drank raw water all his life and lived to 99 years old, but the health expert can’t live to 50 years old …

The question is: what reversed the dark logic? From the perspective of drinking raw water, it may be determined by personal physique, immunity, age, living habits, living structure, etc. That is to say, any dark logic can be reversed, but it is conditional and there are still many conditions. Therefore, what smart people look at is not the case, not what happened, but the conditions behind the case and what supported this case.

2), don’t understand the dark logic is not the original sin, the inability to turn over is.

In the catering industry, Jinjiao is the best store location, so will it win if it is opened in Jinjiao? Not necessarily. Jinjiao is a resource. For example, if you want to buy apples and a catty of apples is 3 yuan, then if you have one million dollars, can you buy the best apples? Not necessarily, because you can also buy more and worse inferior apples. Obviously, success or failure is related to resources, but the algorithm about resources (utilization rate/conversion rate/input-output ratio, etc.) is the final key.

For example, suppose that one more step will reduce the passenger flow by 10%. A store has five steps, and it can earn 1000 yuan in one day of normal operation, while the five steps will reduce the passenger flow by half, and the income is only 500 yuan. In this context, we assume that the resource transformation ability of store A is 1.

Another store B is the same as Store A, but it has six steps.

Generally speaking, the income of store B should be lower than that of store A, but if the resource conversion ability of store B is better, assuming it reaches 3 (such as better taste, stronger brand power, better reputation, better service level, etc.), then the income of store B will be 1,200 yuan. Although the steps are higher and there are more obstacles, it can completely explode store A because of its stronger resource conversion ability.

On the other hand, Store C is located in Jinjiao, but the store’s reputation is not good, the products are average, and the price is expensive. The waiter keeps a straight face all day, and its resource conversion ability is not even 1. Once it is lower than 1, the managers are unaware of the problem, and this value will inevitably continue to decline, from below the decimal point to a negative number, which will eventually lead to the decline of the store.

Further, if dark logic is inferior, such as poor location, ignorance of management, etc., but what is done is done, then it depends on the ability of resource transformation, such as poor flow of people, so is there a drainage tool and can it improve consumption stickiness? For example, if you don’t know how to operate and can’t serve, can you sign up for a class, read a book, find an expert diagnosis to improve the value of the next store, improve the viability of the store, etc., and then win by improving the ability to transform resources?

For example, the store can only attract 100 guests a day in the early stage, but because of the later renovation and construction of two steps, 20% of the guests were dissuaded, and only 80 guests came every day. In the later stage, the store can attract 200 guests a day by doing word of mouth, improving product strength and brand strength, etc., even if it still dissuades 20%, but because of the large base, there are still 160 guests at this time, and in the later stage.

The early resources determine the starting point, and the late resource transformation ability determines the ceiling and the possibility of breaking it.

At this point, two key words can emerge in our minds: one is resources and the other is resource transformation ability. There are many dark logics hidden in these two aspects. If resources and resource transformation ability are integrated, then it is also a problem not to understand dark logic. For example, if you obviously have strong strength, why should you look for a problematic position? Therefore, knowledge, management and savvy are very important. Knowing dark logic can save you a lot of things, but if you don’t understand it, it’s okay. You can do more re-sales, communicate with customers and improve your resource transformation ability in time.

From the perspective that dark logic affects management and early and late development, Chopsticks Thinking (www.kwthink.cn) has a profound insight that you will be relaxed if you know a lot of dark logic, but what really plays a decisive role is the ability to transform resources.

For example, from the perspective of dark logic, dark logic says that "the alley is deep, and the fragrance of wine is useless", but if you have a strong ability to transform resources, you can change this situation and realize that "the fragrance of wine is not afraid of the depth of alley", but we must understand that it is not that the fragrance of wine is not afraid of the depth of alley, but that we can get customers through a series of reforms and efforts.

In the case of catering, resource transformation ability is telling us that, regardless of the turbulent dark logic, the later resource transformation ability determines the ceiling. With the deepening of business, the boss can figure it out. If I have strong resource transformation ability, then considering the dark logic, such as better resources and stronger resource transformation ability, brand development can have higher benefits and efficiency.

From a theoretical point of view, many people should be able to understand that the so-called dark logic is actually consumer psychology, covering transaction cost theory, human nature research and supply and demand theory. For example, steps and isolation belts are obviously lazy customers, and Jinjiao Yinbian grass belly is actually a bear breaking corn+human curiosity. People always think that better is ahead, but because of laziness+not eating grass again, they go back to another Jinjiao Yinbian. The answer is that the brand should be strong, and there are obvious steps, but customers are willing to take the initiative to overcome difficulties; It is obvious that there is a queue for N hours, but customers just can afford to wait.

The complexity of human nature and commercial competition are interactive. When personal subjective brand goodwill and suitable product solutions are put together, the transaction is reached. Brands should understand customers, understand customers’ psychology, and have strong products and brands. With competitive power and competitive advantage, consumption flywheel comes into being. Therefore, resources determine the early stage, and the ability of resource transformation determines the late stage, which is also the ceiling of the brand and the hammer to break the ceiling.

Original title: "If the doorway steps are higher than level 4, the passenger flow will be reduced by 30%? What other catering dark logic do you know? 》

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How to evaluate this craze when domestic remakes become ＂hardest hit areas＂？

Special feature of 1905 film network The Hong Kong film being shown is adapted from the classic American film in 1998, which "copied" the wonderful content of the original for more than an hour, and thus won a high score of 7.4 and a box office of more than 100 million yuan.

It is worth mentioning that "Negotiator" is not a special case, and the film that leads the annual box office list in 2024 is also a remake. In recent years, China Cinema can be described as a "window to the world", and many stories from various countries have been adapted in this land of China. Taking 2023 as an example, the number of domestic remakes, the diversity of sources and the box office all reached the highest level in history.

So, how should we examine and evaluate this remake craze? In this program, the screenwriter is invited to discuss with us.

"fried cold rice", the audience also loves it?

According to the incomplete statistics of domestic remakes in recent six years, the most popular remake origin is Japan and South Korea, and the most popular remake theme is suspense and love. So, why are people so keen on remake this matter?

As the pace of film creation is getting faster and faster, successful remake examples prove that the successful remake of films is relatively fast. And the remake films have a solid mass base and great box office potential. They are like rearview mirrors that can find out the road conditions for the remake films. Therefore, film creators are more and more keen on remake works.

Song Fangjin said: "It is a particularly regrettable phenomenon that the film market relies on remake. Too many remakes can easily make the creators lose their originality. This is like farming. Simply using chemical fertilizers to ripen crops will lead to land hardening. "

Remake, become the hardest hit area of domestic movies?

With the increasing proportion of domestic film remakes, many viewers questioned the presentation effect of the remake works. Some viewers commented: "The angry point is that they have time to spend money on marketing, but they don’t have time to write the script." "I don’t watch any remake movies. Even if the content is the same, the names are the same, and the source is not indicated. It is no different from plagiarism." Domestic films have become the hardest hit areas for remakes.

Remaking is not the original sin. Song Fangjin thinks that a good film market should have about 10% of remakes, and the remaining 90% are adaptations of dramas, novels, cartoons and news events (accounting for 60%) and original films (accounting for 30%). "The step-by-step remake and the remake that lost their cultural attributes are important reasons for the audience’s anger. "Song Fangjin concluded.

On the one hand, at present, the remake works in the domestic market are more like a step-by-step "pose", and the shots, lines and composition are almost the same as the original film. For example, some shots in Negotiator are exactly the same as those in Ace to Ace.

On the other hand, the cultural attributes, character relationships and regional characteristics presented in the original foreign films have not been adapted locally in the process of remake. For example, YOLO, a popular film in the Spring Festival, has not adapted the inherent cultural attributes in the original works reasonably; The film copied the living conditions of Korean graduates, which made it difficult to empathize with young people in China. Among them, Song Fangjin specifically mentioned the remake of the film "Loyal Dog Eight Men": "According to my judgment, the copyright owner of the film" Loyal Dog Eight Men "has strict requirements for the remake of the content that shows cultural characteristics in the film, and it is difficult for the creators to create locally. The stories of people and dogs can be seen everywhere in China. What we need is Chinese stories.

Chen Sicheng VSbagshellfishyouWhich remake director is better?

When it comes to remake movies, I have to mention two directors, Bao Beier. In recent years, director Chen Sicheng has won the audience’s favor with his remake, while Bao Beier’s five remakes are all dull. Some media even said that "domestic movies have been remake, why can’t they become Chen Sicheng?"

In this regard, Song Fangjin replied: "The remake must grasp two points, first of all, the means of adaptation, and second, the sense of originality. Taking this as a standard, the remake works led by Bao Beier are relatively unsuccessful. His works are not created, but depicted as they are, consuming the value of the original film. "

In contrast, Chen Sicheng prefers to grasp the essence of the original film and connect with social hotspots on this basis, injecting issues and emotions, and creating a brand-new work. For example, the film retains the core character relationship, distinctive character and refreshing feeling of revenge in the original version. Under this framework, the location of the story is adapted to Thailand, which is not only inclusive, but also reveals the different texture of culture.

The remake is like a cultivation. The director planted the seeds of the original film underground and watered them with original nutrients. Only in this way can the work be full of crops and food.

How to break through China TV series in the era of ＂content is king＂

　　The annual meeting of Shanghai TV drama production and broadcasting held every spring is an important gathering of domestic TV drama industry after the year, which plays a certain role as a weather vane for the TV drama industry. Especially in the industrial forum, many elite guests from the industry jointly feel the pulse of China TV drama, and various dialogues and speeches have a far-reaching impact on the development of the industry.

　　China’s TV drama industry is entering a new era in which content is king. Last year, a number of high-quality "hot dramas" and "big dramas" were just signals. The industrial forum held the day before yesterday was based on the theme of "A New Start of China TV Drama in the New Era", and invited many industry elites and company bosses who were active in the front line to discuss three major topics: "New Integration of Television Networks in the New Era", "Breakthrough and Innovation of Realistic Theme Creation in the New Era" and "Breakthrough and Innovation of Ancient Costume Theme Creation".

　　Website and TV Station: From Game to Resonance

　　In 2017, after experiencing multi-screen interaction, network-platform linkage and other modes, China TV drama industry appeared a lot of big dramas that were broadcast in the background or even on the internet alone. However, Chen Yuren, vice president of Shanghai Culture, Radio, Film and Television Group Co., Ltd., pointed out that "the real explosive dramas are all network-platform resonance", so he advocated that producers, traditional platforms and network platforms should "join hands" on the spot. If we can build products that are basically close to the common denominator, we can make its broadcast benefit the most.

　　Chen Yuren’s words made all the guests agree very much. Regarding the integration of networks, Yang Weidong, the rotating president of Alibaba Culture and Entertainment Group and the president of Dayouku Business Group from the network platform, said: "The mentality between TV stations and network platforms may be the most critical basis for cooperation."

　　After the topic of "mentality" was put forward, the producer also pointed out the topic of "posture". Hou Hongliang, the chairman of Noon Sunshine Film and Television Co., Ltd., said: "In order to win-win, everyone should consider each other as much as possible, including our content production. It will be difficult for all platforms to adjust the content production conditions to the highest level. This is not necessarily a virtuous circle for the whole industry. The gesture of cooperation is to make the other party satisfied and comfortable. "

　　When the three parties can cooperate smoothly, the discussion on the broadcast mode becomes the top priority. In order to maximize the influence of TV series, Sun Zhonghuai, vice president of Tencent and CEO of Penguin Film and Television, said with his own experience: "Video websites and first-line TV prime files are broadcast simultaneously. At the same time, paying members of video websites have certain priority. We have basically tried and tested, and this model will not affect the ratings of TV stations, but also benefit the paying members of video websites. " In this regard, Wang Zhonglei, co-founder, vice chairman and CEO of Huayi Brothers Media Co., Ltd. agrees that this will be the mainstream model in the future: "Network broadcast, members give priority to it in advance, it must be a masterpiece."

　　Process and result: respect the creative system and don’t expect "explosion"

　　On the screen of China in 2017, the performance of realistic TV series is very eye-catching, and a series of realistic masterpieces, such as My First Half of Life and Bright Days of Life, have achieved fruitful results in terms of word of mouth and ratings. Therefore, the topic of the second forum was "Breakthrough and Innovation in the Creation of Realistic Themes in the New Era", and invited Chen Xiao, Huang Lan, Liu Liu, Li Xiao and Shen Yan, who are active in the field of realistic TV dramas, to participate.

　　Chen Xiao, vice president of iQiyi, is optimistic about the frequent trend of "explosion" of realistic themes, and even predicts that "this recovery may continue until 2018 or even later". However, the directors, screenwriters and producers at the scene are quite calm. They said that they are focused on creation and it is difficult to predict whether their works will become "explosive". Shen Yan, director of My First Half Life, said, "Every play has its own life, I think ‘ Explosions ’ It is really something that can’t be met. " Producer Huang Lan pointed out with a burst of blood: "I hope that when I come up, I think I am an explosion, and often people like that will not succeed." Screenwriter Li Xiao also believes that the key to making a good TV series is to "like yourself and put your true feelings into it", and the result is unpredictable.

　　The result of the work is hard to predict, and the creation of all the guests has its own system. The screenwriter Liu Liu said seriously that every work needs her to experience three or even five years of thinking and experience life: "You don’t have three or five years of infiltration, no in-depth communication, you don’t go into the souls of the characters, you are not familiar with their normal language system, and you can’t write such a play." Huang Lan also shared: "Without the investment of time, it is difficult to truly gain universal recognition in details and lines. This is the biggest difficulty."

　　Huang Lan also said: "Although the investment is great, you get a high income, and you can get the evaluation of so many viewers within a wide broadcast range. That kind of happiness, I think, is a lifetime harvest and memory."

　　Theme and Market: Broadening Dimensions and Avoiding Homogeneity

　　Despite the rise of realistic themes, costume drama is still a magic weapon for the traffic and viewing of many platforms. Facing the implementation of new control policies, the creation and broadcasting of costume drama are also undergoing new adjustments, and the content of costume drama is also undergoing "variation". Ma Boyong, a screenwriter and writer, said: "In recent years, the creation of historical themes is obviously not limited to the struggle for political power. The themes are very wide, and even what kind of industries have a stage for costume dramas. I think from the general trend, costume drama can indeed be extended to a very broad dimension. For example, it is also a good attempt to adapt the costume TV series to the style of spy war. "

　　In the writer Chang Jiang’s view, the theme expansion of such costume dramas is "the market forces everyone to produce something new and look good" and "because there are many costume dramas on the market, everyone is considering how to avoid homogenization". After the theme is expanded, the big coffees are also thinking about how to close the distance between the costume drama and the audience. Ding Hei, who created the series "Daqin Empire", said that although they wrote "imperial dreams", they focused on emotions, including family ties and friendship. "It is this kind of costume drama that brings closer communication with today’s audience." Fang Ying, vice president of Huacekerton, agrees: "This is the emotional communication between the audience and us, including people’s understanding of society and their experience, which will resonate more easily."

　　One of the difficulties in the creation of ancient costume themes is the bridge between historical truth and artistic fiction. Ma Boyong said: "After all, historical dramas are not historical papers, and there will definitely be fiction, but we must respect historical logic. Many times, the audience thinks that this costume drama is not good-looking, not that it does not conform to history, but does not conform to historical logic. " Fang Ying also mentioned that some changes are inevitable. "We want to make the vision itself look better, so we will make some minor adjustments in colors and fabrics, which may not be reached by ancient people at that time, but the picture will look better."

　　Text/reporter Yang Wenjie

High-profile! Will Trump and Burns ＂flag-waving＂ the world for this matter be more dangerous？

　　CCTV News:"Carry the space army to the end!" A tweet from US President Trump on August 9 made the outside world once again focus on the militarization of space. Just a few hours before this tweet was sent out, the US government announced that it would form the sixth service of the US armed forces by 2020 — — Space army.

　　High-profile vice president’s speech, the president pushed for the space army to "wave the flag and shout"

　　Host of CBS USA: "The White House and the Pentagon took the first step towards establishing the sixth service of the US military and the space army. The Vice President delivered a speech and the Commander-in-Chief also tweeted ‘ Carry out the space army to the end ’ 。”

　　Burns: The time has come to form a space army.

　　On the morning of August 9, local time, US Vice President Burns came to the Pentagon. The purpose of his trip was to announce the specific plan and timetable for the formation of the space army in the United States.

　　Us vice president burnsNow, in order to prepare for the next battlefield, it is time to write a new great chapter in the history of the American armed forces. The United States will summon the best and bravest fighters to shock and defeat the new generation of threats we face, and the time has come to form a space army. "

　　On the same day, Burns officially announced that the United States will form a space army by 2020.

　　What exactly is a space army? To put it simply, the establishment of the Space Force means that the American armed forces have an independent service again after more than 70 years.

　　The last time the United States formed a new service was in 1947 when the Air Force was established.

　　At present, the US armed forces include five major services — — That is, the army, navy, marine corps, coast guard and air force. Among them, the first four services were established in the 18th century, and the last new service was established in 1947 — — This year, the US Air Force was formally established. For many years after that, the concept of "the army in space" appeared more and more in Hollywood film and television works: for example, in 1997, the "mobile infantry" in starship troopers.

　　Trump first publicly mentioned considering the establishment of a space army in March.

　　Eleven years back, the "Space Marines" appeared in the work Alien 2 by the great director James Cameron. Further, george lucas’s "Star Wars" series came out, and the classic image "Storm Soldiers" was born. The U.S. government’s high-profile announcement of the formation of a space army is the biggest promoter of President Trump himself.

　　US President Trump"Space, like land, sky and ocean, is a combat space. We may set up a space army as another independent service. We have an air force now and a space army in the future."

　　Trump White House named the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff to set up a space army.

　　In March of this year, when Trump visited a military base in California, he first showed his willingness to form a space army in public. Just three months later, Trump asked Dunford, chairman of the US Joint Chiefs of Staff, to start studying related matters at the White House.

　　US President Trump: "Here, I ask the Department of Defense to immediately start the necessary work to form a space army as the sixth largest service of the US armed forces. This is great news. We will have both air force and space force, different services but equal status. This is extremely important, General Dunford. I would be honored if you could undertake this task. Where is General Dunford? General, let’s act! "

　　Russian media: the formation of the space army in the United States has become a hot topic in the global network

　　The great enthusiasm of the president of the United States for the space army seems to have infected netizens all over the world.

　　Russian TV reporter today: "Trump’s formation of a space army has inspired the unlimited imagination of netizens. Many people joked that Trump will become ‘ Guardians of the Galaxy ’ A member, or will he train an army composed of power rangers or storm soldiers to emit lasers in the face of alien threats? "

　　So, why did the United States choose to propose the formation of a space army now?

　　Us vice president burns"The once peaceful and uncontested space is now crowded and hostile, and other countries are trying to disrupt the system deployed by the United States in space and challenge the absolute superiority of the United States."

　　US media: The US military has the ability to hunt satellites by relying on more than 140 satellite opponents.

　　CBS reported that at present, the US military operates about 140 satellites, whose functions range from providing communication signals to guiding weapons to attack targets, and it is increasingly dependent on space. On the other hand, the United States believes that its competitors have developed weapons that can kill satellites, enough to disable them.

　　In fact, the US military now has a space command under the jurisdiction of the Air Force. Founded in 1982, the headquarters is located in Peterson Air Force Base, Colorado, with more than 30,000 personnel. Its main responsibilities are the launch of US military satellites and early warning of ballistic missiles. But obviously, in the Trump administration’s view, such a configuration is far from enough to ensure the superiority of the United States in space.

　　Will the Space Force be operational in two years? According to the provisions of American law, the formation of an independent new service will eventually require the approval of Congress. Therefore, it is still unknown whether the Space Force can be formed before 2020 as Trump wishes. However, according to US media reports, many members of Congress believe that it is costly to set up a new service specifically for space, so they are opposed to the concept of space army.

　　Todd Harrison, an American military expert"Even if Congress makes a decision today, it will take several years. First of all, Congress must decide how to operate. When Congress makes a decision, it needs to be implemented in detail. I think it will take at least five or even ten years to establish a new space force. "

　　Will "Star Wars" really become a reality? Experts say that we can’t see such a scene in a short time.

　　Todd Harrison, an American military expert: "War in space will not be like Star Wars, nothing ‘ Space Marine Corps ’ It won’t be like that. There will be no military personnel fighting in space. They are all remote-controlled and unmanned satellites. The space military projects in the United States have always been unmanned. The projects that some people in the United States have entered space are all civilian, and they are all carried out through NASA. "

　　Will the world become more dangerous because of this? According to Russian TV today, in 2009, 2011 and 2014, the United States abstained or voted against the ban on militarization of space three times. Will the contradiction between the United States and Russia further intensify? According to the US Political News Network reported on the 7th, when meeting with Trump in Helsinki, Finland on July 16th, Russian President Vladimir Putin asked the United States not to deploy weapons in space. The US media believes that Putin’s face-to-face warning is a move against the United States to form a space army.

Guidelines for Preservation+Extraction+Court Testimony of WeChat Evidence

Editor’s message

After the implementation of the Supreme People’s Court’s Decision on Amending Several Provisions on Evidence in Civil Litigation, records such as WeChat and Weibo were officially used as evidence in litigation.

However, many parties lost the case because they didn’t know how to keep the WeChat evidence, how to submit it, and how to enhance the probative force. Therefore, this paper sorts this out in order to help those in need.

1. What WeChat records can be used as evidence?

According to the form of WeChat record, WeChat evidence can be divided into text WeChat record, picture WeChat record, voice WeChat record, video WeChat record, network connection and transfer payment information.

1. Text WeChat record. Including WeChat friends’ chats, texts published by WeChat friends’ circle, sent text files and articles published by WeChat WeChat official account. This kind of record is the most common and numerous content in WeChat, such as the common "WeChat IOUs".

2, picture WeChat record. Including pictures reproduced, produced and photographed when chatting with WeChat friends, publishing WeChat friends circle and WeChat WeChat official account, and various expressions used.

3. Voice WeChat record. Including information in the form of voice in chat with WeChat friends, published WeChat friends circle and WeChat WeChat official account articles.

4. Video WeChat recording. Including videos reproduced, produced and shot during chatting with WeChat friends and publishing WeChat friends circle and WeChat WeChat official account.

5, network link records. Including the network links sent during chatting with WeChat friends and publishing WeChat friends circle and WeChat WeChat official account. The biggest difference of this kind of WeChat records is that the contents of the links were made by the third party or the sender in advance.

6. Payment and transfer information generated when using the functions of payment, transfer and red envelope. This type of WeChat evidence is mainly generated when using the WeChat payment function.

Second, how should WeChat evidence be retained?

Tencent has publicly issued a statement that WeChat does not keep any users’ chat records, and the chat content is only stored in users’ mobile phones, computers and other terminal devices.

The statement is as follows:

It can be seen that the retention of WeChat evidence still depends on ourselves.

However, many people don’t know how to keep WeChat evidence. The following are specific methods:

The first step is to log in to your own WeChat on the computer and click the thumbnail function bar in the lower left corner.

Step 2: Pop up the menu bar to backup and restore.

The third step is to back up the chat records to the computer. Note: At this time, the mobile phone and the computer should be connected to the same network (WIFI).

Third, how to submit WeChat evidence to the court?

Although the methods and procedures for collecting evidence have been clearly defined, in real life, many people are not familiar with the specific operation steps, and only provide printed copies or screenshots, which may not be recognized by the court. The procedures, contents and methods of collecting electronic data directly determine the authenticity, legality, probative force and relevance of this evidence to the facts to be proved.

(1) What should I pay attention to when submitting evidence related to WeChat?

(1) Provide a demonstration of the process of logging into our WeChat account by using terminal equipment. It is used to prove the legitimacy of its WeChat chat record and the authenticity of its identity.

(2) Provide personal information interface for both parties to chat. With the unchangeable characteristics of micro-signals, combined with the information such as mobile phone numbers and avatars displayed in the personal information interface, the real identities of both parties are fixed.

(3) Provide a complete chat record. According to the characteristics that WeChat chat records can only be deleted but not added in the terminal, the complete chat information of each WeChat client is compared to verify the integrity and authenticity of relevant information.

(2) How to display WeChat evidence in court?

The parties concerned should keep the original carrier of WeChat in order to present it in court. The original carrier includes mobile phones, computers or other electronic devices that store electronic data.

When the judge asks to show the original carrier of WeChat and login software to show electronic evidence in court, he should show it according to the following steps, and check the consistency with the pictures, audio and video formed by fixed electronic evidence:

(1) The account holder logs in to WeChat and displays the name of the account used for logging in.

(2) Find the opposite user in the address book and click View Personal Information to display the contents with identity orientation such as the name of remarks, nicknames, micro signals and mobile phone numbers displayed in the personal information interface.

(3) Click "Send Message" in the personal information interface to enter the communication dialog box, and display the information content generated during the dialogue one by one. For text files, pictures, audio, video, transfer or red envelope content, you should click Open to display.

(4) When displaying the transfer information, you should click the chat details in the communication dialog box to view the transfer records one by one and display the transfer payment information.

(5) If the electronic evidence provided belongs to the dialogue record (including words, audio and video), it should be completely reflected in the dialogue process, and the content related to the facts of the case should not be provided selectively, and the court may request to supplement the complete dialogue record within a specified period; If you deliberately provide the contents of the dialogue records selectively, you will bear the corresponding legal consequences.

(3) Careful use of the WeChat cleaning function can preserve evidence.

Many people will report that there are many WeChat friends and a lot of chat content, and they will often clean up WeChat content, so they can’t save so much or so long information. What should we do in this case?

Automatic cleaning functions such as "one-click slimming" and "garbage cleaning" should be used with caution. Don’t think that "synchronous" operation means "everything is fine", and evidence must be preserved before cleaning up. You can go to a notary office for notarization or take other reliable electronic evidence preservation companies for preservation.

If the electronic data provided by the parties have been notarized or confirmed by the third-party deposit platform, the authenticity should be recognized without evidence to the contrary. If this evidence is also legal and relevant, its probative power will not be lower than other evidence.

Especially for some infringing evidence, in order to prevent the loss of evidence, the evidence should be preserved as soon as possible when the infringement is discovered. Self-evidence collection lacks supervision, and electronic data is easy to be tampered with. Preserving evidence through professional institutions is still the most effective way.

Evidence preserved by a third-party deposit platform or notary office has higher probative power than general evidence. Unnotarized electronic evidence may be at risk of not being accepted by the court. If the electronic evidence has not been notarized by a notary office, or if it is notarized but the court thinks it necessary, the parties concerned shall display it in court by using the original carrier and logging in the corresponding software, and check it with the pictures, audio and video formed by the submitted fixed electronic evidence. When handling security notarization, it is also necessary to follow the above process steps.

(4) What should we pay attention to when preserving WeChat evidence?

(1) For the pictures in WeChat, it is necessary to notarize the pictures and other records as a whole, and it is not recommended to notarize the pictures separately.

(2) Video has the function of intuitively reflecting the facts. Usually, videos shot by users themselves are more probative. Videos reproduced or produced are usually not as probative as those shot by users themselves because they don’t know the original source or have traces of post-editing. When handling security notarization, we should pay attention to the review of video formation methods. It is advisable to extract and fix evidence by burning such WeChat records.

(3) As recorded data stored in electronic media, WeChat voice is subject to the provisions of electronic data, but it cannot be used as a basis for separate finalization. The validity of WeChat voice should meet the following conditions: save the original record; The content must be objective, true and coherent; The content recorded in WeChat voice is clear and accurate, and both parties have made clear statements on the issues discussed; Because of the characteristics of WeChat pronunciation, such as easy to change and difficult to identify, it is sometimes not sufficient to take it as the proof basis alone. Therefore, in addition to WeChat pronunciation, other evidence should be fully provided to support it.

(4) If the files transmitted through WeChat are not saved in time, they will be invalid, and there are some network links, etc. In addition to the above steps, the opened text files or network link contents should be preserved. Preserving the downloaded text files or network links alone cannot prove the authenticity and relevance, and may not be adopted by the court.

(5) Once there is money exchange, the original records of WeChat records must be saved, and only screen shots can’t prove the authenticity. Pay attention to keeping the transfer records and don’t delete them at will. When money transactions occur, first of all, we should pay attention to clarifying the identity of the other party, second, we should clarify the purpose, and indicate the purpose of transfer when making remarks; Third, we should keep good records. In addition, it can also assist telephone recording, dunning text messages, IOUs and other evidence to form a chain of evidence that complements each other.

4. How to retrieve the transaction records of WeChat transfer?

Regarding the WeChat transfer transaction record, you can directly retrieve it from WeChat. The specific operation is as follows:

Step 1: In the menu bar at the bottom of WeChat, select the "I"-"Payment" function menu.

Step 2: After entering the main interface of the payment menu, select the "wallet" function.

Step 3: In the main interface of wallet function, select the "bill" function at the top.

Step 4: In the bill function interface, click the "Frequently Asked Questions" button at the top, and the "Download Bill" function will appear in this interface. Click this function to enter the bill download interface.

Step 5: In the bill download interface, there are two functional options, namely "for personal reconciliation" and "for proof", which correspond to different purposes of the bill. Among them, the bill for personal reconciliation is in Excel table format, and the bill for certification is in PDF format.

Step 6: After selecting the transfer purpose, you can further select a specific date interval to support the transfer of the transaction flow within a user-defined time, with a maximum of one year.

V. Relevant provisions on electronic evidence

Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on Evidence in Civil Proceedings

Article 14 Electronic data include the following information and electronic documents:

(1) Information published by web pages, blogs, microblogs and other online platforms;

(2) Communication information of network application services such as SMS, email, instant messaging and communication groups;

(3) User registration information, identity authentication information, electronic transaction records, communication records, login logs and other information;

(four) documents, pictures, audio, video, digital certificates, computer programs and other electronic files;

(five) other information stored, processed and transmitted in digital form that can prove the facts of the case.

Article 93 The people’s court shall make a comprehensive judgment on the authenticity of electronic data in combination with the following factors:

(1) Whether the hardware and software environment of the computer system on which the generation, storage and transmission of electronic data depend is complete and reliable;

(2) Whether the hardware and software environment of the computer system on which the generation, storage and transmission of electronic data depend is in normal operation, or whether it will affect the generation, storage and transmission of electronic data when it is not in normal operation;

(3) Whether the hardware and software environment of the computer system on which the generation, storage and transmission of electronic data depend has effective monitoring and verification means to prevent errors;

(four) whether the electronic data is completely preserved, transmitted and extracted, and whether the methods of preservation, transmission and extraction are reliable;

(five) whether the electronic data is formed and stored in the normal activities;

(six) whether the subject of saving, transmitting and extracting electronic data is appropriate;

(seven) other factors affecting the integrity and reliability of electronic data.

If the people’s court deems it necessary, it may examine and judge the authenticity of electronic data by means of identification or inspection.

Article 94 The people’s court may confirm the authenticity of electronic data in any of the following circumstances, unless there is evidence to the contrary sufficient to refute it:

(a) electronic data submitted or kept by the parties to their disadvantage;

(2) Provided or confirmed by a neutral third-party platform for recording and storing electronic data;

(3) Formed in the normal business activities;

(4) kept by means of file management;

(5) preserved, transmitted or extracted in the manner agreed by the parties.

If the contents of electronic data are notarized by a notary office, the people’s court shall confirm its authenticity, unless there is enough evidence to the contrary to overturn it.

Source: micro-judge

Audit: East Audit

Operational Support: Feidong Court & All Media Studio of Anhui Legal Newspaper

● [Implementation of the attack] "Implementation of 110" to quickly attack and promote performance ● [Work dynamics] Feidong County People’s Court held a trial work promotion meeting

● [Execute the attack] Detained 4 people, and executed more than 5.7 million yuan! The Feidong Court carried out the centralized enforcement action of "protecting people’s livelihood and improving the environment" ● [Judge’s statement] The contracting points are clear, and paying taxes according to law is not "confused"

● [Implementation of the attack] Implementing the "salary" according to law to ensure the income of labor ● [Implementation of the attack] More than 6 million yuan! Feidong Court launched the fourth centralized and unified implementation action of "benefiting the people and warming enterprises" ● Good news! Feidong Court won the second prize of the 2023 Feidong County New Age Civilization Practice Volunteer Service Project Competition ● [Judge’s statement] How to calculate the disability compensation after being disabled by a traffic accident and dying of illness? ● [Work Dynamics] Feidong Court held a symposium on the docking of litigation and mediation.

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Preservation+Extraction+Court Testimony of WeChat Evidence Guide Feidong County People’s Court to Touch and Read the Original Text.

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Original title: "Guidelines for the Preservation+Extraction+Court Testimony of WeChat Evidence"

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Getting started evaluation of ant 4K sports camera

People who know about sports cameras may have hesitated: Do you need a sports camera in your life?

In foreign countries, GoPro has long been synonymous with sports cameras; In China, small ant sports cameras are also making efforts in this emerging market segment. Last month, the little ant 4K sports camera, the second generation of the little ant sports camera, officially landed in JD.COM for crowdfunding. The standard version was 1199 yuan, and the set version was 1299 yuan. Compared with the price of a generation of 399 yuan, you may have doubts: is it worthwhile to raise the price so sharply? Below, the author will take you to find out.

exterior

The camera I got is a black version, and there are also white and pink versions to choose from.

Compared with the first generation, the face value of the second generation of the small ant sports camera is much higher, and too many lines and textures are removed from the front, so the whole body looks more exquisite. Although the shell is still made of plastic, the improvement in vision and feel is very obvious. Different from GoPro’s quaint style, the second generation of small ant sports camera is more fashionista.

Unpacking three pieces: camera, battery and data cable (note: the camera itself has no memory card and needs to be purchased separately)

There are three buttons in the fuselage of the first generation: the power button, the camera button and the WiFi connection button. Now, in the second generation, the designer of Little Ant has drastically cut off two-thirds of the buttons, leaving only one power button to double as the shutter button, and all other operations are transferred to the touch screen.

The only button in the whole body is designed at the top of the fuselage. Long press the switch and short press to shoot.

Battery compartment at the bottom (containing Micro SD card slot) and bracket interface.

Touch screen on the back

The second generation of ant sports camera is equipped with a 2.19-inch large touch screen-yes, compared with the fuselage, it is really a big screen, and it may be the camera with the highest screen ratio. The PPI of this screen is as high as 330, with a viewing angle of 160, and the operation experience is very smooth. If you must say something insufficient, you probably don’t support multi-touch and can’t zoom the picture.

As the saying goes, you can’t have your cake and eat it. For a sports camera, the biggest disadvantage brought by the simple appearance is the inconvenience of operation. Considering that every minute counts in the motion scene, it seems that even the best touch screen is not as convenient as adding a shortcut button directly on the shell.

performance parameter

In addition to the improvement of appearance, higher prices naturally bring higher configuration, and the parameters are simply listed as follows:

Photo function

For most people who are used to taking photos with mobile phones, it may be difficult to adapt to the curved picture taken by the ant wide-angle lens for a while, but the wide field of vision brought by bending far exceeds that of almost all mobile phones on the market, making selfies no longer like selfies. Although you can also buy a wide-angle lens connected to a mobile phone online, the photos you take often have a weak edge, which is still far from the wide angle of a sports camera.

For photographers who like to capture characters but don’t want to disturb each other, wide angle can just play a "slanting shot" effect. Even if you shoot the sky at a 45-degree angle, the horizon can still be included in the picture.

On the left, the second generation of ant motion camera was shot, and on the right, Samsung S6 edge+ was shot.

Compared with Samsung S6 edge+, the color saturation of the small ant motion camera is lower, but it is also closer to the color of the real scene.

Thanks to the large aperture of F2.8, the small ant motion camera can also get a visual effect close to the human eye at night, and the color reproduction and noise control of the sky, leaves and road lights have reached a satisfactory level.

Video recording function

Wide-angle photography is just a side dish before meals, and video is the real feast that sports cameras bring to people.

Today, the screen of mobile phone is getting bigger and bigger, and the disadvantages of mobile phone video recording are becoming more and more obvious: it is inconvenient to hold it with one hand and carry it with you, not to mention the sour taste if it is hung around your neck. Therefore, for people who love sports and take selfies, a compact sports camera is just needed.

In addition to 4K/30fps video recording, the second generation of Little Ant Motion Camera also supports video recording in 1080P/120fps, 720P/240fps and other formats, which can capture motion moments that are invisible to the naked eye. When playing back in slow motion, you may really feel the power released by body movements at every millisecond node.

Of course, the sports camera is by no means alone. It also has many teammates like gods, such as waterproof case, Bluetooth remote control, and various expansion brackets … From this, your vision can reach many places that mobile phones and SLR can’t reach.

For young artists, sports cameras can help you see the world from a different angle, such as putting the camera on your shoulder and recording while walking, for example, putting it on your pet at home and making a micro-movie from a pet’s perspective.

continue a journey without refuelling

After the author’s two-hour shooting experience in the park, 100 photos were taken, 400 seconds were recorded in 4K and 100 seconds were recorded in slow motion. During the use, the screen was basically on, and finally the remaining power was about 2/3. In view of the huge volume of 4K video files, a large-capacity MicroSD card is essential, and it is recommended to buy more than 64G.

tail

People may not think it is too expensive to buy a mobile phone with more than 1,000 yuan, but if you switch to a sports camera, it is estimated that most people will still retreat. Even the people-friendly price of 399 yuan for the first generation of small ants is enough to keep many people away.

Perhaps the sports camera will never become a popular product, but it is still a unique product. As a point in the demand of modern long tail, sports camera is like a ripple in smart home life, which shows us that life is not just about mobile phones and computers, but also about sports and distance …

Foreign media pay attention! The trade war sacrificed the first victim of globalization.

　　CCTV News:On August 6th, the "International Sharp Review" of CCTV broadcasted an article entitled "The Trade War Sacrificed the First Victim of Globalization", which was reprinted by many overseas media.

　　On August 6, German website of European Times, German-Chinese Report website, RADIOWE website of Italy (facebook, twitter), Rainbow FM website of Lisbon, Portugal (facebook), Global Iberian client of Portugal, Bobo website of Rio headlines in Brazil (facebook), World Bobo website of Sao Paulo, Brazil (facebook), website of Business News of Kazakhstan, Turkish economic observation network, Turkish directional radio website, Indian Daily Morning News website, UAE Ain News website, Jordan Global Radio website, American Business Daily website, Canadian Business Daily website, Chinese PT portal, Chinese headline APP, Portuguese New Newspaper APP(facebook, twitter), Nordic Times website, European Chinese language website, European Chinese radio website, African Times website, West Africa online website, Japanese Chinese business website, Greek China website. On August 7, Hong Kong Ta Kung Pao and Wen Wei Po also published this article. The main reports are as follows:

　　German cars sold to China have gone up in price!

　　China consumers haven’t said anything yet, and American blue-collar workers are beginning to feel anxious. This seemingly puzzling scene was staged in the context of the trade war provoked by the Trump administration. German cars have become the first victims of Trump’s tariff policy: the obvious victims are German car companies that set up factories in the United States, and the potential victims are the jobs of American auto workers.

　　Let’s restore the news facts first: On July 30th, German BMW Motor Company raised the sales prices of its two sports utility vehicles (SUVs) produced in the United States and exported to China in China by 4% and 7% respectively, because of the increased cost. As for the reason for the increase in cost, it is not difficult to find out: since the Trump administration launched a trade offensive to increase tariffs on many countries and lines, the price of global procurement parts for BMW cars made in the United States has risen. At the same time, as one of the counter-measures against the United States, China will impose a 25% tax on imported cars from the United States on the basis of the new 15% tariff, that is, a 40% tax. This means that in the future, the market share of American brand cars in China will be reduced due to price factors.

　　As early as the White House imposed tariffs on steel and aluminum on its major trading partners and started the first shot of a trade war, many people in the industry analyzed that automobiles and electronic products with a high degree of development in the global industrial chain may bear the brunt and become victims. Because the world’s large automobile manufacturers are all heavyweight multinational companies, setting up factories all over the world. According to the latest list published by Automotive News in June this year, in 2018, the top 100 global auto parts suppliers came from 17 countries including Germany, Japan, Canada, Spain, South Korea, Mexico and China. Each car involves tens of thousands of parts, from assembly to production off-line, which is inseparable from the precise division of labor and cooperation of suppliers from all countries in the global industrial chain.

　　The impact of this round of trade war on any small link in the automobile industry chain will disrupt the whole industry chain. This is the so-called "fire at the city gate will hurt the fish in the pool". The United States imposed tariffs on steel and aluminum products from other countries, and then many countries countered them, which affected major auto companies including GM and Ford, as well as BMW in Germany. The Financial Times pointed out that in fact, Donald Trump tore up international agreements that he thought would harm blue-collar voters in the United States in order to fulfill his campaign promise to bring jobs back to the United States, which actually began to destroy the world that automakers are familiar with.

　　Together with Trump, there may be jobs for American auto workers, that is, blue-collar voters, that he talks about protecting every day. Because the president of the United States let the "tariff bullet" sweep outside for a while, it was bounced back by the counter-produced steel plate, and it was the foreign car companies that set up factories in the United States and solved the employment problem of Americans who were injured. German company Daimler said that in 2017, 20% of its cars produced in the United States were sold to China. In the second quarter of 2018, due to Sino-US trade friction, its net profit decreased by 27%. If the tariff increase continues, it will reconsider its production layout, including the possibility of establishing a new factory in China.

　　Let’s look at BMW, which has built its world’s largest automobile factory in Sparthan Fort, South Carolina, USA. Now it has surpassed the local automobile brands in the United States and become the largest automobile export enterprise in the United States, employing 9,000 local employees. Around Fort Sparthan, there are more than 200 auto parts factories from more than 20 countries, and each factory has local employees. Last year, 70% of BMW cars produced by Sparthan Fort Factory were sold outside the United States, and about 25% were exported to China. The New York Times reported that BMW had written a letter to the US Department of Commerce, saying that if the cost of exporting American-made BMW SUVs was too high in the future, the company would consider reducing its investment and production scale in Fort Sparthan.

　　As the world’s largest automobile consumption market for nine consecutive years, China has always been a market favored by major automobile companies in various countries and unwilling to give up easily. The subtext of Mercedes-Benz and BMW is very clear, that is, if the trade war continues, it is inevitable to reduce production and lay off employees in the United States.

　　The Financial Times once quoted a professional as saying that the impact of the trade war on the global automobile industry was described as a "perfect storm". The "perfection" of the "storm" lies in that the slightest bit points to its opposite side, that is, a combination of various factors will bring a fatal blow to the global automobile industry. Again, the ball to stop the storm is in the hands of the White House. How to save our compatriots in the storm depends on whether it is willing to kick it out.

　　A number of overseas media forwarded "International Sharp Review" articles:

"European Times" German website forwarded on August 6, 2018

Italian RADIOWE website (facebook, Twitter) forwarded on August 6, 2018.

India's "Daily Morning News" website was forwarded on August 6, 2018

India’s "Daily Morning News" website was forwarded on August 6, 2018

UAE Ain News Network forwarded on August 6, 2018

Jordan Global Radio website forwarded on August 6, 2018

American Business Daily website forwarded on August 6, 2018

Canadian Business Daily website forwarded on August 6, 2018

Portuguese news APP(facebook, Twitter) forwarded on August 6, 2018.

Hong Kong Ta Kung Pao was published on August 7, 2018.

Hong Kong Wen Wei Po was published on August 7, 2018.

Extreme organizations send online videos to threaten Russia.

Extremist organizations have recently targeted Russia. On July 31, extremist organizations released a video claiming to target Russia and Russian President Vladimir Putin. This video market lasted about 9 minutes, and was posted on the video website by the accounts commonly used by armed men of extremist organizations. In the video, a masked man shouted threatening language against Putin and threatened to attack Russia.

Domestic vaccines account for more than 95% of the actual vaccination in China, and the quality is comparable to the international level.

　　Vaccine is a biological product for preventing and controlling the occurrence and prevalence of infectious diseases, and it is of great significance to protect human health. The reporter learned from National Medical Products Administration that at present, China is the largest vaccine producer in the world, with 45 vaccine manufacturers, which can produce 63 kinds of vaccines and prevent 34 kinds of infectious diseases, with an annual production capacity of more than 1 billion doses. It is one of the few countries and regions in the world that can solve all planned immunization vaccines on their own.

　　Taking children’s vaccines as an example, at present, China’s children’s immunization program covers 12 vaccine-preventable diseases, basically covering all key vaccine types recommended by the World Health Organization, and individual vaccines such as Japanese encephalitis are included in children’s immunization programs before other countries and regions. Since the implementation of immunization program in 1978, the R&D and production capacity of vaccine manufacturers in China has been continuously improved, and polio caused by wild strains has been eliminated, and diseases such as hepatitis B, measles, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, tuberculosis and Japanese encephalitis have been controlled. In particular, domestic inactivated enterovirus 71 vaccine (hand, foot and mouth disease vaccine) and recombinant hepatitis E vaccine are the first in the world.

　　However, many parents still hesitate when choosing to vaccinate domestic vaccines. "There is no obvious difference between domestic and imported vaccines in terms of quality standards, safety and use." Wang Huaqing, chief expert of China CDC, said that both domestic vaccines and imported vaccines must strictly follow the requirements of the State Drug Administration, strictly carry out pre-marketing clinical research, and the production meets GMP requirements. Each batch of vaccines can only be put on the market after passing the strict batch issuance inspection. Judging from the current domestic vaccination situation, domestic vaccines account for more than 95% of the actual vaccination in the country.

　　"Before the vaccine is put on the market, it is necessary to implement a strict batch issuance system, which is an important barrier in the process of vaccine delivery and circulation, that is, the drug inspection agency should inspect and review its data according to the standards, which is equivalent to adding another weight to vaccine safety besides ordinary drugs ‘ Insurance ’ 。” Wang Youchun, vice president of China Institute of Food and Drug Control, said that as early as 2006, China had managed the batch issuance of all vaccines. At present, among the more than 190 member countries of the World Health Organization, only more than 30 countries have the full supervision function of vaccines recognized by the World Health Organization.

　　At the same time, in order to understand the quality status of vaccines on the market, find out quality problems and hidden dangers, and take corresponding risk control measures in time, since 2008, the national drug regulatory authorities have carried out evaluation sampling tests on some vaccines every year, that is, the vaccine products are selected from three aspects: production, circulation and use for quality inspection and result analysis. Statistics show that at present, China issues about 5000 batches and 700 million dosage units of vaccines every year. From 2006 to 2017, a total of 317 batches of unqualified vaccines were refused, with about 19 million people. Judging from the sampling inspection, the country has sampled 944 batches of vaccine products since 2008, with a qualified rate of 99.6%.

　　In fact, China’s vaccine management not only follows the most stringent standards, but also the formed vaccine supervision system has passed the evaluation of the national supervision system of the World Health Organization. "This assessment is not only a comprehensive consideration of the ability of a national vaccine regulatory agency, but also the basis and premise for vaccine manufacturers in this country to apply for WHO product pre-certification and enter international procurement channels." For example, Wang Youchun said that domestic vaccines such as live attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccine produced by Chengdu Institute of Biological Products, oral type I and type III polio vaccine produced by Beijing Beishengyan Biological Company, influenza vaccine produced by Hualan Biological Company and inactivated hepatitis A vaccine produced by Beijing Kexing Biological Company have successively passed the product pre-certification of the World Health Organization, and have been successively purchased by UNICEF and Global Alliance for Vaccine Immunization for disease prevention and control in other countries.

　　With the increasingly strict supervision, in recent years, the quality standards of vaccines listed in China have reached the requirements of the World Health Organization for vaccine products, and the key indicators of some varieties are even higher than those in Europe and America. Wang Youchun said that at present, China has established a coverage vaccine "research and development — Production — Circulation — "Vaccination" has a complete vaccine supervision system, legal system and standard management, a scientific and rigorous vaccine registration and approval system has been established, and good manufacturing practice, which is in line with the international advanced level, and strict quality management standards for drug business have been implemented. (Economic Daily-China Economic Net reporter Ji Leilei)

During the summer vacation, holiday notices will be issued in many primary and secondary schools and kindergartens.

　　The summer vacation in 2023 is just around the corner, and the summer vacation time of primary and secondary schools and kindergartens is released in many places:

　　— — Beijing

　　According to official website, the Beijing Municipal Education Bureau, Beijing will have a summer vacation from July 8th (Saturday) to August 31st (Thursday) in 2023, totaling 7 weeks and 6 days.

　　— — Shanghai

　　According to the "School Calendar of Shanghai Primary and Secondary Schools in 2022" issued by official website, education bureau of shanghai, Shanghai primary and secondary schools started on February 15th, 2023 and ended on June 30th, with a total term of 20 weeks. The summer vacation begins on July 1st and ends on August 31st.

　　— — Jiangsu(Province)

　　According to the news released by Jiangsu Education on June 15th, in 2023, the summer vacation time of primary and secondary schools and kindergartens in Jiangsu Province will be arranged on July 1st, the registration time for the fall school will be September 1st, and the class time will be September 4th. If there are no special circumstances, the holiday time for the winter vacation in 2024 is planned to be January 29th, the registration time for the spring school is planned to be February 18th, and the class time is planned to be February 19th. Local education administrative departments and kindergartens in primary and secondary schools should make arrangements in accordance with the above-mentioned stipulated time when preparing and acting.

　　— — Shandong(Province)

　　The officials of various education and sports bureaus in Shandong Province have released the summer vacation time of primary and secondary schools in 2023:

　　Heze city

　　The compulsory education in summer vacation lasts for 8 weeks, and the specific time is from July 6 to August 31, 2023, and the school starts on September 1; Ordinary senior high schools have a total of 7 weeks, and the specific time is from July 13 to August 31, 2023, and the school starts on September 1.

　　Jinan city

　　The summer vacation in compulsory education is from July 7 to August 31, 2023; The summer vacation of high school is from July 14th to August 31st, 2023.

　　linyi city

　　The school summer vacation in the compulsory education stage is from July 6 to August 31; The summer vacation time of ordinary high schools is from July 13th to August 31st.

　　Qingdao Municipality

　　Compulsory education stage school, starting from the summer vacation on July 4; Ordinary high schools and secondary vocational schools began on July 10th.

　　Yantai city

　　In the compulsory education stage, the summer vacation time of schools and ordinary high schools is uniformly arranged from July 10 to August 27, 2023, and the school starts on August 28.

　　Zibo city

　　The school summer vacation in the compulsory education stage is from July 10th to August 31st. The summer vacation time of ordinary high schools is from July 17th to August 31st.

　　Zaozhuang city

　　In the compulsory education stage, the school will have a summer vacation on July 4; Ordinary high schools have summer holidays on July 11th.

　　Rizhao city

　　The school summer vacation in the compulsory education stage is from July 3 to August 27; The summer vacation time of ordinary high schools is from July 10th to August 27th.

　　Weihai city

　　The compulsory education period lasts for 8 weeks, and the specific starting and ending dates are from July 7 to August 31, 2023, and the school officially starts on September 1.

　　Ordinary high schools last for 7 weeks, and the specific starting and ending dates are from July 14 to August 31, 2023, and classes officially start on September 1.

　　Jining city

　　The school summer vacation in the compulsory education stage is from July 3 to August 31; The summer vacation time of ordinary high schools is from July 12th to August 31st.

　　Tai’an City

　　The summer vacation of schools and kindergartens in the compulsory education stage is from July 7 to August 31, 2023; The summer vacation of high school is from July 14th to August 31st, 2023.

　　Dongying city

　　The school summer vacation in the compulsory education stage is from July 7 to August 31; The summer vacation time of ordinary high schools is from July 14th to August 31st.

　　Dezhou city

　　Compulsory education school: from July 7 to August 31, 2023, the school will start on September 1; Ordinary high school: from July 14 to August 31, 2023, the school will start on September 1.

　　Liaocheng city

　　The compulsory education period lasts for 8 weeks, and the specific time is from July 7 to August 31, 2023, and the school starts on September 1; Ordinary high school lasts for 7 weeks, and the specific time is from July 14 to August 31, 2023, and the school starts on September 1.

　　Binzhou city

　　In the compulsory education stage, the school begins its summer vacation from July 5 to August 30; Ordinary high schools are from July 12th to August 30th.

　　Weifang city

　　In the compulsory education stage, the school summer vacation time is from July 7 to August 31, and the ordinary high school summer vacation time is from July 14 to August 31.

　　— — Henan(Province)

　　Zhengzhou city

　　The summer vacation of compulsory education schools and ordinary high schools begins on July 6, 2023, ends on August 24, and starts on August 25.

　　Pingdingshan city

　　(1) Vacation time of junior high schools and kindergartens under the bureau: from July 5, 2023, students will report for duty on August 31, and classes will officially begin on September 1.

　　(2) Holiday time of the local senior high school: it will be a holiday from July 5, 2023, students will report for duty on August 20, and classes will officially start on August 21.

　　Anyang city

　　In the compulsory education stage, the school summer vacation begins on July 5 and ends on August 31; The summer vacation of ordinary high schools begins on July 14th and ends on August 31st. Kindergartens can make summer vacation arrangements according to the spirit of this notice and the actual situation. On September 1, the new school year began, and students formally attended classes.

　　Hebi city

　　The summer vacation of primary school and junior high school begins on July 1 and ends on August 27; The summer vacation of ordinary high schools begins on July 8 and ends on August 27. School started on August 28, and students formally attended classes. Kindergartens and special education schools shall refer to the implementation.

　　Luohe city

　　The starting and ending time of summer vacation in primary and secondary schools is: compulsory education schools and kindergartens: from July 6 to August 31, 2023, classes will officially start on September 1; Ordinary high school: formal classes will be held from July 14th to August 31st and September 1st, 2023. Wuyang County and Linying County determine the holiday matters according to the actual situation of the county and report them to the Municipal Education Bureau for the record.

　　Shangqiu city

　　The summer vacation of compulsory education schools begins on July 7, 2023, ends on August 31, and officially begins on September 1; The summer vacation of ordinary senior high schools begins on July 14th, 2023, ends on August 24th, and classes officially begin on August 25th. Secondary vocational schools begin on June 30th and end on August 30th. Students report on August 31st, and classes begin on September 1st. Kindergartens can properly arrange the rest time of teachers and staff during the summer vacation without affecting the work of parents of young children.

　　Zhoukou city

　　In the compulsory education stage, schools and kindergartens have a holiday from July 6 to August 31, and classes are officially held on September 1; The holiday time of ordinary high schools is from July 14th to August 31st, and classes are officially held on September 1st.

　　Nanyang city

　　In the compulsory education stage, the school summer vacation lasts from July 3 to August 31, and kindergartens refer to it. Ordinary senior high schools run from July 14th to August 31st. Primary and secondary schools (kindergartens) officially opened on September 1.

　　Zhumadian city

　　In principle, schools and kindergartens in the compulsory education stage officially start the summer vacation on July 5, report on August 31, and formally start classes on September 1 (Friday). Ordinary senior high schools begin their summer vacation on July 15th, report on August 31st, and formally start classes on September 1st (Friday).

　　— — Anhui (Province)

　　Hefei

　　Compulsory education schools: July 1st (Saturday); Report for duty on August 31st (Thursday); Formal class begins on September 1st (Friday); Kindergarten summer vacation time is implemented with reference to compulsory education schools.

　　Ordinary high school: July 8 (Saturday); Grade one and grade two of senior high school will report on August 31st (Thursday) and formally attend classes on September 1st (Friday); The third grade of senior high school officially started classes on August 24th (Thursday); The summer vacation time of technical secondary schools is implemented with reference to ordinary high schools.

　　Suzhou

　　In the compulsory education stage, the school’s summer vacation in 2023 begins on July 3, 2023; The summer vacation time for ordinary high schools begins on July 10, 2023.

　　The autumn semester of 2023 in compulsory education schools and ordinary high schools is scheduled to officially start on September 1. The time for teachers to arrive at school is arranged by the school itself to ensure the preparation for the start of school. The fall semester of the third year of senior high school in 2023 is scheduled to officially start on August 21st.

　　Kindergarten, special education school summer vacation and autumn school time according to the compulsory education stage school, secondary vocational school summer vacation and autumn school time according to the ordinary high school.

　　Mount Huangshan

　　Summer vacation time: the city’s compulsory education schools leave school after the education and teaching activities (including testing) on the afternoon of June 30, and the summer vacation begins; The city’s ordinary high schools leave school after the education and teaching activities (including tests) on the afternoon of July 7, and the summer vacation begins. Kindergartens are implemented according to the holiday time of compulsory education schools. In combination with the actual situation, secondary vocational schools refer to the holiday time of ordinary high schools.

　　New semester start time: autumn semester, senior three starts on August 24, 2023; Other grades (including kindergartens) signed up on August 31st and started classes on September 1st.

　　— — Jiangxi

　　Nanchang city

　　Kindergartens and primary schools start their summer holidays on June 26th, 2023, and start school on September 1st.

　　The middle school begins its summer vacation on July 3, 2023 and starts school on September 1.

　　Jiujiang

　　Holiday time of this semester: we will have a holiday in the wrong time, and the primary school and kindergarten will have a formal holiday on June 29th, and the ordinary senior high school and junior high school will have a formal holiday on July 2nd (school administrative cadres will not have a holiday in principle).

　　The start time of the new semester: August 29th, teachers will go to work, students will report on August 30th to 31st, and classes will begin on September 1st. Special education schools and secondary vocational schools can refer to the actual situation.

　　Yichun city

　　1. The primary school final exam is scheduled for June 27th and 28th. The final exams for the seventh and eighth grades are scheduled for June 27th, 28th and 29th. The final exams for Grade One and Grade Two are scheduled for June 28th, 29th and 30th.

　　2. Paper-and-pencil examinations are not conducted in the first and second grades of primary schools, and the final examinations in other grades of primary schools are organized and implemented by counties and cities; The final examination arrangements for grades 7 and 8 will be announced separately; Senior one and senior two final exams are organized and implemented by ordinary senior high schools.

　　3. Kindergartens in all primary and secondary schools in the city have a holiday in the wrong time. Kindergartens and primary schools are scheduled to leave school on July 1, and middle schools are scheduled to leave school on July 3, and the summer vacation begins. In principle, secondary vocational schools leave school at the same time as ordinary high schools. If there is any adjustment, it should be reported to the county and city education and sports bureau for approval and the municipal education and sports bureau for the record.

　　4. The new school year is scheduled for August 29th, when teachers will arrive at school, and preparations will be made for the start of school on 30th and 31st. On September 1st and 2nd, students reported for duty, and classes started on September 3rd.

　　Ji ‘an City

　　There is no paper-and-pencil test in the first and second grades of primary schools in the city. Other grades complete all the testing tests from June 27 to 28, and complete the marking and quality report book distribution on June 29. The middle school completed all the testing examinations from June 27th to 29th, and finished marking papers and distributing quality report books from June 30th to July 2nd.

　　In 2023, the summer vacation time of kindergartens and primary schools in the city will be June 30; The summer vacation time for junior high school and senior high school is July 3. On August 29th, the teacher arrived at the school and made good preparations for the start of school. Students report for duty from August 30th to 31st, and classes begin on September 1st.

　　Fuzhou city

　　According to the teaching progress of primary and secondary schools in the city and the schedule of final examination, the summer vacation of kindergartens and primary schools in the city began on June 30; The middle school summer vacation begins on July 3rd. The official start time of primary and secondary schools in the city in autumn is September 1, and the start time of special education schools, secondary vocational schools, sports schools and kindergartens is implemented with reference.

　　Ganzhou city

　　1. The final examination time of primary school is scheduled for June 28th to 29th, 2023, and the local education administrative departments are responsible for arranging and organizing the implementation.

　　2. The final examination time of junior middle school is scheduled for June 28th to 30th, 2023, and the local education administrative departments are responsible for arranging and organizing the implementation.

　　3. The final exam of senior high school is scheduled for June 28th to 30th, 2023. The final exam of senior high school shall be unified in the whole city, and the specific examination arrangements shall be notified separately by the Municipal Education Institute.

　　4. In 2023, the summer vacation time of kindergartens and primary schools in the city will be unified from July 1 to August 28, 2023; The summer vacation time of junior high school and senior high school is unified from July 4 to August 28, 2023. The fall semester of 2023 is scheduled for August 29th, 2023, when teachers arrive at the school and make good preparations for the start of school. On August 31st, students will report for school, and classes will officially begin on September 1st.

　　— — Hunan

　　Changsha

　　According to the "School Calendar of Changsha Ordinary Primary and Secondary Schools and Vocational and Technical Schools in 2022" and "School Calendar of Changsha Ordinary Primary and Secondary Schools and Vocational and Technical Schools in 2023" issued by Changsha Education Bureau recently, the summer vacation will begin on July 9, 2023 and end on September 2.

　　Xiangtan

　　Xiangtan Education Bureau issued the Notice of Xiangtan Education Bureau on Doing a Good Job in Summer Vacation of Primary and Secondary Schools and Kindergartens in the City in 2023 on June 5, requiring Xiangtan compulsory education schools and secondary vocational schools to finish the final examination before July 3, and teachers and students leave school. Secondary vocational schools can take a holiday in advance according to the actual situation, but teachers and students can’t leave school earlier than June 21, 2023. Ordinary high schools will finish the final exam before July 3, 2023, and teachers and students will leave school before July 8.

　　The fall semester of 2023 is scheduled for students to register and attend school on August 31, and classes will officially begin on September 1.

　　Zhuzhou

　　On June 9th, Zhuzhou Education Bureau issued a notice of summer vacation, requiring schools and secondary vocational schools in compulsory education in Zhuzhou to start their summer vacation on July 2nd, 2023 and end on August 29th. The summer vacation of ordinary high schools begins on July 9 and ends on August 29. In the fall semester of 2023, students reported on August 30 and formally attended classes on August 31.

　　Special education schools and kindergartens are implemented according to the school time of compulsory education.

　　Shaoyang

　　On June 9, Shaoyang Municipal Education Bureau issued the Notice on Doing a Good Job in Summer Vacation of Kindergarten in Primary and Secondary Schools in the City in 2023, requiring Shaoyang compulsory education schools and secondary vocational schools to finish the final examination before June 30, 2023 and leave school on July 3; Ordinary senior high schools will finish their final exams before July 7, 2023 and leave school on July 10.

　　Secondary vocational schools can take a holiday in advance according to the actual situation, but teachers and students should not leave school earlier than June 23, 2023; In the spring semester, if the college entrance examination, study examination, and test center for senior high school entrance examination have not been supplemented during the normal working day, the compulsory education school will have a holiday no later than July 7; The holiday time of ordinary high schools is not later than July 14th. Kindergartens and special education schools leave school with reference to compulsory education schools.

　　In the fall semester of 2023, August 30th and 31st will be the time for students to register, and on September 1st, they will be given entrance education and lectures. Ordinary high schools and secondary vocational schools can advance appropriately according to the teaching needs, but not earlier than August 21st.

　　Yueyang

　　Yueyang compulsory education school is scheduled to start the summer vacation on July 6, 2023, and ordinary high schools can postpone the summer vacation by one week according to the teaching progress.

　　Schools will report next semester on August 30th and 31st, and classes will officially start on September 1st. Secondary vocational schools, special education schools, kindergartens, holidays, school time with reference to the implementation.

　　Huaihua

　　Recently, Huaihua City Education Bureau issued the Notice of Summer Vacation for Primary and Secondary Schools and Kindergartens in 2023. The holiday time for schools, secondary vocational schools, special education schools and kindergartens in Huaihua City is from July 1 to August 30. The holiday time of ordinary high schools in Huaihua is from July 8th to August 30th, and the end time of the final exam of ordinary high schools shall not be earlier than July 5th.

　　The primary and secondary kindergartens in Huaihua started school on August 31st and started classes on September 1st.

　　Loudi

　　On June 9, Loudi Education Bureau issued a notice on the schedule of summer vacation in 2023, requiring Loudi compulsory education schools, secondary vocational schools and special education schools to start their summer vacation on July 5, 2023; Ordinary high schools will have a summer vacation from July 10, 2023; Kindergarten holiday time refers to the compulsory education stage and the actual implementation of schools in various places.

　　In the autumn semester of 2023, primary and secondary schools in Loudi (including secondary vocational schools, special education schools and kindergartens) reported on August 30th and 31st, and classes started on September 1st.

　　Xiangxi

　　Recently, Xiangxi Education and Sports Bureau issued the "Notice on Summer Vacation in Primary and Secondary Schools in Quanzhou", requiring primary and secondary schools in Quanzhou to take summer vacations on July 5, and ordinary high schools (including vocational high school counterparts) can be postponed until July 14. In the autumn semester, the teachers and staff of primary and secondary schools in Quanzhou reported on August 28th, and concentrated on their studies from August 29th to 30th. On August 31st, students signed up, and classes started on September 1st. Ordinary high schools (including vocational high school counterparts) can attend classes in advance until August 23rd.

　　— — Hubei(Province)

　　Huanggang

　　In 2023, the final exam of compulsory education schools in the city will end on June 30th. The summer vacation time is July 3, and the fall school starts on September 1. Kindergarten holidays, school start time according to the implementation of compulsory education schools, ordinary high school according to the end of the exam time, before July 12th holiday, autumn school start time for September 1st.

　　Jingmen

　　Summer vacation time: compulsory education schools and kindergartens from July 1 to August 30; Ordinary high school from July 6th to August 30th; Secondary vocational schools from June 23rd to August 30th (each secondary vocational school can adjust the time appropriately after reporting to the local education authorities for approval according to the actual teaching).

　　School start time: registration on August 31st, and formal classes on September 1st.

　　— — Shaoxing, Zhejiang

　　On June 12th, Shaoxing Education Bureau issued the Notice on the End of the Second Term of the 2022 School Year and the Work Arrangements for the Summer Vacation.

　　The end of the semester and the schedule of the next semester

　　1. Compulsory education schools, kindergartens and secondary vocational schools. The second semester of the 2022 academic year ended on July 3, 2023. The final examination time for compulsory education schools is from June 28th to June 30th, and kindergartens and secondary vocational schools refer to it. The summer vacation begins on July 4, 2023, and teachers leave school on July 6 in principle.

　　2. Ordinary senior high schools. The final exam for senior one and senior two is from June 19th to 21st. In principle, the summer vacation begins on July 4th, and teachers leave school on July 6th.

　　The first semester of the 2023 school year begins on September 1, 2023 and ends on February 1, 2024 (December 22 of the lunar calendar). Students registered on August 31st, 2023. The teacher reported on August 25th, and mainly arranged the work of teachers’ morality education, collective lesson preparation and school preparation. Formal classes began on September 1.

　　— — Shenyang, Liaoning

　　According to the "School Calendar of Shenyang Ordinary Primary and Secondary Schools in 2022-2023" previously issued by Shenyang Education Bureau, in the second semester of the 2022-2023 school year, the compulsory education schools in Shenyang started on March 1, 2023 and ended on July 14, 20 weeks in total. The summer vacation began on July 15, 2023 and ended on August 31. The city’s ordinary high schools started on March 1, 2023 and ended on July 21, with a total of 21 weeks (including one week of social practice). The summer vacation began on July 22, 2023 and ended on August 31.

　　— — Fuzhou, Fujian

　　Official website, Education Bureau of Fuzhou, released the calendar and teaching plan of full-time ordinary middle schools in Fuzhou from 2023 to 2024 on the 15th:

　　(The above rankings are in no particular order)

　　China News Agency (CNS1952) is integrated from official website, the local education bureau, and official WeChat.